Who Is The Current Head Of Department Of Health And Human Services:

Overview

One of the largest noncombatant departments in the federal government, the Section of Health and Man Services (HHS) oversees the implementation of numerous health and welfare-related programs. HHS' upkeep accounts for nigh ane out of every four federal dollars, and it administers more grant dollars than all other federal agencies combined. HHS' Medicare program is the nation'southward largest wellness insurer, handling more than one billion claims per year. Medicare and Medicaid together provide wellness care insurance for 25% of Americans. Many HHS-funded services are provided at the local level by land or county agencies or through individual sector grantees. With its large size also has come a large number of troubles and controversies involving birth control, prescription drugs, nutrient safety and more.

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History:

Before the federal government established a cabinet-level department to address wellness bug, lawmakers took a number of steps to create programs and agencies that focused on health-related research and regulation. The earliest attempt came in 1798 with the passage of an human activity to assistance sick and disabled seamen. This led to the establishment of a federal network of hospitals for the intendance of merchant seamen, precursor of today's Public Health Service.

During the assistants of President Abraham Lincoln, the Bureau of Chemistry was created within the Department of Agriculture. This motion represented the primeval attempt to accost nutrient-related issues, and it helped atomic number 82 to the founding of the Nutrient and Drug Administration several decades later.

The postal service-Ceremonious War era would see the appointment of the first Supervising Surgeon (later chosen Surgeon General) in 1871 for the Marine Hospital Service; the opening of a one-room laboratory on Staten Isle for research on illness (the precursor to the National Institutes of Wellness); and passage in 1891 of legislation that made the Marine Hospital Service responsible for medical test of arriving immigrants.

Shortly after the turn of the 20th Century, the Public Health Service was officially established in 1902, and four years later, Congress passed the Pure Food and Drugs Human action authorizing the government to monitor the purity of foods and the safety of medicines (another key step that led to the founding of the FDA).

The era post-obit World War I witnessed the creation of two of import offices that would afterward go part of the health and human services department: the Bureau of Indian Affairs Health Sectionalisation in 1921 (later to become the Indian Wellness Service); and the National Institute (later Institutes) of Health in 1930.

In response to the economic downturn of the Bully Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt's New Bargain brought about several important policy decisions that had long-term impacts on regime wellness programs. The first was the passage of the Social Security Human activity in 1935, without which future programs like Medicare and Medicaid would not accept been possible. In 1938, Roosevelt and Congress adopted the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which led to the institution of the FDA. And in 1939, Roosevelt pushed for the germination of the Federal Security Agency, which brought together federal activities in the fields of health, education and social insurance under a single cabinet-level authority.

Although the Federal Security Agency did not last, its founding demonstrated a demand to make health matters a top priority for federal policymakers. Afterwards, the Eisenhower administration established a successor - the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in 1953. The 1950s and 1960s would found a time of important health policy decisions past federal officials. In 1955, the polio vaccine created by Jonas Salk was licensed, helping lead to the elimination of the crippling disease.

In 1961, the Kennedy administration conducted the first White Firm Conference on Aging. The following year, Congress adopted the Migrant Health Human action that provided back up for clinics serving agricultural workers. In 1964, the Surgeon General released the first study on smoking and wellness, which launched a new fence on the dangers of a previously unquestioned habit enjoyed by millions of Americans. Even more dramatic was the decision in 1965 to create the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which for the first time fabricated comprehensive health care available to millions of Americans. That aforementioned year, the Older Americans Act created the nutritional and social programs administered by today's Assistants on Crumbling. The Head Start program was also created. In 1966, the Public Wellness Service launched the International Smallpox Eradication plan that would lead to the complete elimination of the disease by 1977.

The late seventies saw the Carter assistants remove education from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (creating the Department of Education) and form the Section of Health and Homo Services.

Historical Highlights of Health and Human Services

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What it Does:

The Department of Wellness and Human being Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level agency that manages a wide array of health and welfare programs. HHS is responsible for regulating nutrient products and new pharmaceutical drugs (Food and Drug Administration), implementing the nation's biggest wellness intendance programs (Medicare and Medicaid), preventing the outbreak and spread of diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and funding some of the most important medical research in the world (National Institutes of Health), amid other programs.

HHS' primary offices are as follows:

Services

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CMS is the federal torso responsible for administering Medicare and Medicaid programs. CMS besides runs the State Children's Health Insurance Plan (SCHIP), which is jointly financed by the federal and state governments and administered past private states.

Medicare is a federal social insurance program established in 1965 to provide healthcare coverage for people over 65. The programme was expanded in 1972 to include people under 65 with permanent disabilities. Most Americans are entitled to bones coverage nether Medicare if they or their spouse have contributed payroll taxes for more than 10 years. Medicare is financed past payroll taxes, FICA and the Self-Employment Contributions Act of 1954. Medicare currently covers more than forty million people, but with significant coverage gaps—in vision, dental and long-term care. Accounting for a electric current 14% of the federal upkeep, Medicare is a highly debated system that draws bipartisan criticism. The gradual privatization of the system—including recently reformed prescription drug coverage—is besides highly contested among advocates, lawmakers and lobbyists.

Medicaid is a complex entitlement program for many people who can't afford adequate health care, including single parents and their children, the disabled and the elderly (some of whom also receive Medicare benefits every bit then-called "dual eligibles"). It is funded every bit a joint venture by states and the federal government, with each state determining the exact scope of its program, payment rates and specific eligibility standards. The federal government, meanwhile, establishes general guidelines for the programs and monitors their enforcement through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Participation is voluntary; nonetheless, every state has been signed upward since the last holdout, Arizona, created its Medicaid variant in 1982. The major sticking bespeak for Medicaid tin can be summed up in 1 word: coin. Many people view with alarm the gradually escalating costs associated with the programme, and some states accept had to devote as much every bit one-fifth of their budgets to sustaining information technology. Fraud is too a major issue. Medicaid reform of some kind or another is therefore a perennial item on the political agenda.

Assistants for Children and Families ACF is a key partition within the Department of Health and Human being Services.ACF oversees and finances social and economical programs for vulnerable children and families designed to help them develop more independent, self-reliant lives. Targeted groups include Native Americans, persons with developmental disabilities, refugees and legalized aliens. Programs are carried out by state, canton, urban center and tribal governments, too as public and private local agencies. Critics debate that ACF, a relatively new administration, has been deployed every bit a forum to push the Bush assistants's more bourgeois initiatives—funneling money to (discredited) abstinence-but programs and matrimony promotion grants.

Health Resource and Services Assistants HRSA is responsible for improving admission to healthcare for those who are uninsured or otherwise marginalized and/or medically vulnerable. The bureau identifies areas of the state that accept a shortage of primary and dental care and medical professionals. HRSA administers about ninety% of its funding in the form of grants directly to states and public and private healthcare providers, including wellness professions training programs and a network of one,000 health clinics.

Indian Health Service IHS provides preventive, curative and customs health care to approximately one.ix million of the nation's 3.3 million American Indians and Alaska Natives. IHS currently provides wellness services to approximately 1.5 million of these American Indians and Alaska Natives who vest to more 557 federally recognized tribes in 35 states. IHS services are administered through a system of 12 Area offices and 163 IHS and tribally managed service units. According to US Demography data, American Indians and Alaska Natives die at higher rates than other Americans from tuberculosis (750% higher), alcoholism (550% college), diabetes (190% higher), unintentional injuries (150% higher), homicide (100% higher) and suicide (70% higher).

Substance Corruption & Mental Health Services Administration SAMHSA makes grants to various agencies to prevent and treat addictive and mental disorders and furthers its piece of work through public campaigns, system reform, policy and program analysis. SAMHSA seeks to ameliorate the quality and availability of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation services in order to reduce illness, death, disability, and toll to order resulting from substance abuse and mental illnesses. At times the agency has taken public stances on controversial issues, such as handling of heroin habit and homosexuality and transgender identity.

Assistants for Community Living ACL is the official federal agency responsible for dwelling and community-based services and programs related to aging. It also focuses on helping empower Americans before and during their later years to make informed decisions about health care options; ensuring the rights of the elderly to foreclose their corruption, neglect and exploitation; and facilitating society to prepare for an crumbling population. ACL, funded by the Older Americans Human action, is part of a federal, country, tribal and local partnership called the National Network on Aging, which currently helps about seven million older people and their caregivers, via 29,000 service providers and thousands of volunteers.

Research

National Institutes of Health NIH produces some of the nearly of import medical and scientific research in the United States. Eighty three percentage of NIH's funding is distributed to scientists, medical researchers and university professors both in the US and abroad. NIH likewise conducts its ain research at its 27 institutes and centers. Some of NIH'south researchers have been criticized for accepting money from pharmaceutical companies, while its leader has publicly criticized the policies of President George Due west. Bush.

Centers for Illness Control and Prevention CDC leads public health efforts to prevent and control infectious and chronic affliction, injuries, workplace hazards, disabilities and environmental health threats. Information technology is also responsible for producing and distributing health data internationally. While the CDC is globally recognized for its scientific research and epidemiologic investigations, newly-emerging issues such as terrorism, environmental threats and a apace aging population continue to challenge its capabilities. Although the CDC is supposed to preclude and control infectious disease, it has been accused of blatantly withholding data regarding such diseases as syphilis, autism and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHRQ sponsors research to improve the quality of wellness care in the United States. The agency works to drag health intendance quality, reduce medical-related costs and aggrandize healthcare access for more than Americans. Almost fourscore% of AHRQ's budget is awarded every bit grants and contracts to researchers at universities and other enquiry institutions across the country. Early in its history, the bureau became heavily involved in a controversial healthcare reform plan that nigh led to AHRQ beingness eliminated. Since and so, the bureau has maintained a low profile, void of controversy.

National Toxicology Program NTP is an interagency programme that provides data addressing a wide variety of issues important to public health. NTP works to safeguard public health by identifying the effects of chemicals used in everyday items and at what level of exposure they have the potential of becoming chancy to humans. NTP has attracted controversy because of its policy of assuasive some industries to self regulate their own products and considering of its all-encompassing use of animals for testing.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ATSDR is a federal public health agency under the umbrella of the Centers for Disease Command (CDC) based in Atlanta, Georgia. The bureau'due south mission is to prevent damage to human health and diminished quality of life from exposure to chancy substances found at waste product sites, in unplanned releases and in other sources of pollution present in the environs. ATSDR identifies communities where people might exist exposed to hazardous substances in the environment. Simply as far every bit investigations get, ATSDR cannot enforce any regulations past closing down a plant or other business. Information technology can only brand recommendations to the Environmental Protection Agency. The ATSDR has worked on a multifariousness of unlike cases and projects, including aiding New York City in establishing a registry to assess short and long term health effects from the World Trade Centre collapse, sampling the dust and air subsequently the plummet of the World Trade Center, testing the h2o and soil at Army camp Pendleton for lead, copper and other chemicals, every bit well as monitoring the furnishings of asbestos and identifying sites that have loftier concentrations of it.

Regulation

Food and Drug Administration

FDA regulates a broad range of medical and food products. From reviewing new medicines to inspecting food processing centers, the FDA plays a role in approximately $1 trillion worth of products each yr. The FDA is comprised of chemists, pharmacologists, physicians, microbiologists, veterinarians, pharmacists, lawyers and other professionals. Despite all of the expertise employed past the bureau, the FDA has struggled to comport out its mission to protect Americans from harmful drugs and foods. In recent years, the agency's reputation has plummeted amongst controversies involving the approval of certain pharmaceutical drugs and allowing tainted foods to reach consumers.

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Where Does the Coin Become

Co-ordinate to USAspending.gov, the Health and Human Services Section has spent $67.four billion so far this decade on contractors totaling fifty,858. The biggest expenditures were for drugs and biologicals ($4.eight billion), reckoner and telecommunications services ($3.viii billion), biomedical basic research ($iii.7 billion) and laboratory equipment and supplies ($3.1 billion).

The biggest spenders among HHS departments were the National Institutes of Health ($26.ii billion), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ($14.6 billion) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ($7.95 billion).

The summit 10 recipients of HHS dollars include major pharmaceutical companies and defence contractors:

SAIC, Inc.	$two,863,414,838
Merck & Co.	$ii,384,650,585
Westat, Inc	$2,117,195,587
Sanofi Pasteur MSD SNC Sigle SPMSD	$1,681,527,521
GlaxoSmithKline	$one,392,443,263
Wyeth	$one,170,849,726
Research Triangle Establish Inc	$ane,156,129,714
Lockheed Martin	$1,045,138,008
Northrop Grumman	$966,528,985
Veritas Capital Fund 2, LP	$809,789,386

Other contractors include Loftier Performance Technologies, which received a $l million contract in 2006 to provide information technology services to the Food and Drug Assistants. Kaiser Permanente, United Health Group Inc., Vanderbilt University and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care won start-of-their-kind contracts from the FDA to help inquiry the furnishings of pharmaceuticals on large patient populations afterwards drugs go on the market. Each contractor will get $1.3 million over the next 5 years to provide information to the FDA from their databases.

According to USAspending.gov, the Wellness and Man Services Department has spent $67.4 billion and so far this decade on contractors totaling 50,858. The biggest expenditures were for drugs and biologicals ($four.8 billion), computer and telecommunication services ($3.8 billion), biomedical basic inquiry ($3.7 billion) and laboratory equipment and supplies ($3.1 billion).

The biggest spenders among HHS departments were the National Institutes of Health ($26.2 billion), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ($xiv.half-dozen billion) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services ($7.95 billion).

The top 10 recipients of HHS dollars include major pharmaceutical companies and defense contractors:

SAIC, Inc.	$2,863,414,838
Merck & Co.	$2,384,650,585
Westat, Inc	$2,117,195,587
Sanofi Pasteur MSD SNC Sigle SPMSD	$1,681,527,521
GlaxoSmithKline	$1,392,443,263
Wyeth	$one,170,849,726
Research Triangle Institute Inc	$one,156,129,714
Lockheed Martin	$one,045,138,008
Northrop Grumman	$966,528,985
Veritas Capital Fund II, LP	$809,789,386

Other contractors include Loftier Functioning Technologies, which received a $fifty 1000000 contract in 2006 to provide data technology services to the Nutrient and Drug Administration. Kaiser Permanente, United Health Group Inc., Vanderbilt University and Harvard Pilgrim Wellness Care won first-of-their-kind contracts from the FDA to help enquiry the effects of pharmaceuticals on big patient populations after drugs go on the market. Each contractor will get $1.3 million over the next five years to provide data to the FDA from their databases.

Some HHS funding is distributed in the class of research grants. The NIH is a prime number distributor of such moneys to

higher instruction

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hospitals

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medical schools

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research institutions

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non-profits

. (XLS) (Warning: Large Files)

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Controversies:

Health Officials and FEMA Trailers

When the federal regime failed to respond adequately to the devastation leveled on New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Direction Agency (FEMA) took the brunt of the criticism. Still, FEMA was not the only department to be dressed down past Congress. Afterward FEMA decided to distribute thousands of mobile domicile trailers to those left homeless by the disaster, health officials at the Bureau for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) failed to alarm officials about the presence of formaldehyde in the trailers.

The chemic, used in interior gum, was detected in many of the 143,000 trailers sent to the Gulf Coast in 2006. Residents of the FEMA trailers reported breathing difficulties, persistent flu-like symptoms, heart irritation, and nosebleeds. Tests on a number of FEMA trailers by the Sierra Lodge showed that 83% had levels of formaldehyde in the indoor air at levels above the Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit.

In April 2008, the House Committee on Science and Applied science's Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight held hearings into how and why ATSDR failed to protect public health when those trailers were found to be emitting dangerous levels of formaldehyde. At the hearing, information technology was revealed that Dr. Christopher De Rosa, a leading government expert on formaldehyde, had tried to alert his superiors about the toxicity levels of the government trailers in New Orleans but was repeatedly ignored. Ultimately, he was demoted. His superiors after admitted that they should take followed his communication, only they did not address why they "reassigned" him to a new position.

Bush SCHIP Guidelines

In April 2008 the GAO challenged new guidelines handed down past the Bush administration regarding the Land Children'south Wellness Insurance Plan (SCHIP). In a letter issued directly to states, the new rules prohibited states from using federal funds to cover children in families 250% or more in a higher place the poverty line ($53,000 for a family of four) until virtually all children under 200% of poverty ($43,000) were covered.

The GAO said the administration illegally bypassed Congress to issue the rules, which constituted a policy change. The Bush-league assistants refuted the GAO stance and planned to ignore its recommendations. The conflict sprang from a long-standing debate between an administration that wants to cut federal healthcare spending and button towards privatization, and a Democratic Congress seeking to increase spending in response to rise medical costs and diminishing benefits coverage.

White House Suppresses CDC Data on Global Warming

In October 2007, officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) testified earlier Congress on the effects of global warming - only what they said was beginning edited by the White Firm. Portions were deleted that mentioned diseases that could prosper due to global warming. Birthday half-dozen pages were removed from the original twelve-page draft including mention of specific wellness concerns caused by climate changes.

The edited version stated that "climate change is anticipated to have a broad range of impacts on health of Americans and the nation'south public health infrastructure." However the original statement said that "the public health effects of climate modify remain largely unaddressed" was removed, and the testimony mainly focused on the preparedness of health agencies with general problems.

Medicare, Medicaid Funds Misspent

In 2007 the Government Accountability Function (GAO) reported that ix%, or about $90 million of the $one billion that Congress appropriated to the Centers for Medicare And Medicaid Services during implementation of the 2003 Medicare Modernization Act was spent on "numerous questionable payments." The GAO raised questions regarding contractor oversight, wasteful contracting practices, contract terms, internal command deficiencies and backlogs.

Medicare Prescription Drug Reform

In 2003, the Republican-controlled Congress and the Bush administration pushed through i of the most of import and controversial changes to Medicare in the history of the program. Supporters and opponents of Medicare were not happy with the final product.

Critics decried the "huge costs" of the new law that chosen for privatizing the Medicare system. Medicare advancement groups disparaged the legislation, calling it the "beginning of a battle over the soul of the Medicare program."

Adding to the firestorm was a report by Public Citizen (based on assay of federal lobbying disclosure records) that uncovered massive special interest lobbying from pharmaceutical and managed care industries, including a combined expenditure of $141 meg and 952 individual lobbyists in 2003 - or nearly 10 lobbyists for each United states Senator. Nearly half of these hires had "revolving door" connections to Congress, the White Business firm or the executive branch.

The centerpiece of the 2003 legislation was a voluntary entitlement program for prescription drugs nether "Program D," funded by revenue enhancement breaks and subsidies. The overhaul provided for issuance of discount prescription drug cards in 2004, preventative benefits in 2005 and implementation of the prescription drug program in 2006.

The nib besides forbade the federal government from negotiating with manufacturers over drug prices for beneficiaries. (In 2007, a newly Autonomous-led Firm passed legislation requiring HHS to negotiate drug prices: The Medicare Prescription Drug Price Negotiation Act of 2007).

A calendar month after the 2003 bill was signed, its 10-year cost guess rose to $534 billion - more than than $100 billion more than than the figure presented to lawmakers by the Bush administration during deliberations. The lower figure helped garner unlikely support from Republicans who had promised to vote confronting the nib if costs were over $400 billion. A Salon.com commodity reported that the Administration had intentionally withheld the higher estimate - and that an official threatened to burn down Medicare Chief Actuary Richard Foster if he revealed the real figure. Past early 2005 the budget had risen to a 10-year estimate of $1.2 trillion.

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Contend:

Forenoon-Afterward Pill

For three years HHS officials found themselves in the eye of a hotly-debated issue over allowing pharmaceutical companies to sell and then-called "forenoon after" pills without a prescription. The debate began when Barr Pharmaceuticals filed for permission to sell its Plan B pill over the counter to women of all ages. The pill had been available as a prescription-just drug since 1999. Programme B prevents pregnancy past stopping the ovary from releasing an egg and may too preclude fertilization, if taken within 72 hours afterwards having sex.

When the Nutrient and Drug Administration showtime balked at approval Program B, the decision came as a surprise because a panel of independent experts assembled by the FDA voted to recommend that the drug be sold over the counter. The bulk concluded that the drug was not simply effective, simply that women could be trusted to use it correctly without a md. The FDA commonly followed the recommendations of its advisory panels.

Barr Pharmaceuticals then revised its application to sell Plan B to consumers 16 and older. The FDA countered by saying 17 and older was okay, then rescinded that plan and raised the age restriction to xviii and up. At one point, a top FDA scientist resigned in protest over what she claimed was political interference in the approving procedure. Susan F. Wood, banana FDA commissioner for women'south health and manager of the Part of Women'south Wellness, said she left considering then-Commissioner Lester Chiliad. Crawford acted on instructions from within the administration to stall Plan B'southward approval. Crawford himself wound up leaving the FDA earlier the controversy was resolved, which led to a delay in a replacement taking over because Plan B supporters in Congress held the nomination hostage every bit leverage to forcefulness the Bush-league administration to grant FDA approval.

Those involved in the Programme B debate mirrored many of the same groups involved in the debate over ballgame.

For

Supporters of the endeavor to allow over-the-counter sales of "morning after" pills included many Democrats in Congress, including US Senators Hillary Rodham Clinton and Patty Murray. Other supporters included pro-pick advocates, liberal women's organizations and even some FDA scientists. They claimed there was no harm in removing the prescription requirement for Plan B and other pills similar it, since the FDA had already vetted the medication when it was first canonical for sale in the belatedly 1990s. Allowing the pills sales without a prescription would help reduce unwanted pregnancies and, thus, abortions, argued proponents.

Against

Opponents of allowing non-prescription sales of morning time-after pills included Concerned Women for America, a bourgeois women'south organization, American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, Family Research Council, Safe Drugs for Women, religious organizations and many Republicans. President Bush never publicly opposed FDA approval of Program B, only some suspected that the President may have exerted pressure on the agency to delay its decision. Many opponents were opposed entirely to morning-after pills, with or without a prescription, because of their conventionalities that pregnancy begins with the fertilizing of the egg - thus, Plan B represented just another course of abortion. Opponents also claimed that non-prescription use of Plan B would create a public health adventure by causing an increase in sexually transmitted disease.

Background

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Suggested Reforms:

No Shortage of Suggestions for Medicaid Reform

Seemingly anybody who's anyone has an thought for what the federal government should practise about the Medicaid programme, which continues to eat more money and not produce satisfactory results. The Congressional Budget Office suggested that health officials practise the following to change Medicaid:

• Reduce the charge per unit at which the federal government reimburses states
• Reduce eligibility and the number of mandatory services
• Force beneficiaries to assume more costs
• Promote lower-cost services, such as alternatives to nursing abode intendance

Some conservative analysts have made their own suggestions that range from dismantling the program entirely to opening information technology up to competition to create more than choice for Medicaid recipients. Examples of conservative opinions include the National Eye for Policy Analysis, The Heritage Foundation, the Heartland Establish and the Cato Institute.

Liberals, who want to keep Medicaid going, have their own set of ideas for improving the system. These are offered by The Century Foundation and the Centre on Budget and Policy Priorities.

Reforming Medicaid (by Michael Bond, John C. Goodman, Ronald Lindsey and Richard Teske, National Center for Policy Analysis)

GAO: Extend Deadline on Medicare Drug Reform

The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) significantly reformed contracting for the administration of claims for Part A, Medicare's infirmary insurance, and Part B, which covers outpatient services such as physicians' intendance.

The MMA required the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) - the agency inside the Section of Wellness and Human Services (HHS) that administers Medicare - to conduct full and open competition for all of its claims administration contracts and to transfer the work to Medicare administrative contractors (MAC) by October 2011.

The MMA required the Secretary of HHS to submit a report to the Congress and GAO on the plan for implementing Medicare contracting reform and for GAO to evaluate the plan. GAO did only that and recommended that CMS extend its implementation schedule from 2009 to 2011 to be better prepared to manage contracting reform.

CMS did not concur with the recommendation, but GAO believed that extending the time frame was the most prudent approach to manage contracting reform risks.

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Former Directors:

Former Secretaries of Health and Man Services

Tommy G. Thompson (February 2001 - Jan 2005)

A native of Elroy, Wisconsin, Tommy Thompson received his bachelor's in 1963 and his JD in 1966 from the Academy of Wisconsin-Madison.

Thompson began his career in public service in 1966 as a representative in Wisconsin's land Associates. He was elected assistant Assembly minority leader in 1973 and Assembly minority leader in 1981. He was beginning elected governor of Wisconsin in 1987 and wound up beingness re-elected iii times, a country tape.

During his 14 years equally governor, Thompson gained national attention for his welfare reform plan, Wisconsin Works or "Westward-ii," which served as a national model for welfare reform. The programme required participants to work while at the same time providing the services and support to make the transition to work viable. Thompson too worked to extend health insurance to many low-income children and families.

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Source: http://www.allgov.com/departments/department-of-health-and-human-services?detailsDepartmentID=570

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